1.怎样判断定语从句中,that/who/whose等作的是宾语还是主语?2.谓语、主语、宾语、状语等是什么?

1.怎样判断定语从句中,that/who/whose等作的是宾语还是主语?2.谓语、主语、宾语、状语等是什么?
1.怎样判断定语从句中,that/who/whose等作的是宾语还是主语?
2.谓语、主语、宾语、状语等是什么?

1.怎样判断定语从句中,that/who/whose等作的是宾语还是主语?2.谓语、主语、宾语、状语等是什么?

1.定语从句中：
that要看充当的是什么成分,可以做主语也可以做宾语；
例：The letter that I received was from my father.（that引导定语从句,指做主语前面的“The letter”）
who做主语,whom做宾语,whose做定语.
例：
Do you know the man whose name is Roy?（whose做定语,“……谁谁谁的……”
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.（whom做宾语,做you are looking for的宾语,你在找的这个人）
This is the man who help me.（who做主语,指the man）
 
2.谓语、主语、宾语、状语等这些词的含义我相信网上很容易查到资料.
无论汉语还是英文,意义上差不多,因为你对这些比较陌生现在以汉语为例作以下解释.
简单的说：
执行动作的主体是主语,执行的动作是谓语,宾语是接受动作的载体或者对象.
例如：
1.很简单的一句话：我爱你.
“我”便是主语；“爱”是谓语；“你”是宾语.（英语：I love you.主语I+谓语love+宾语you.）
2.那么如果加上一些修饰词：
我很爱你./我是如此地--“很”就是程度副词.（英语：I love you very much/so much.very和so在英语中是表示程度的副词,然后much是表示“多”,连用表示“非常”“极其”“十分”“如此地”）
勇敢得我很爱那个美丽的你.-- “勇敢的”“美丽的”这些类似形容词就是定语,修饰主语“我”和宾语“你”.
这个班里面,她是唯一一个来自中国的女生.--“是”也是谓语,“来自中国的”是定语,“在这个班里”是状语.（英语：She is the only one that comes from China in this class.in this class状语,that 这里引导定语从句,做主语,指“她”,因为前面有the only,所以这里不用who用了that.）
以上纯属个人浅见请参考.
另外关于定语从句的资料,可参考下面的资料.
 

二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in ...

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二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2，that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2)先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3)主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6)先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7)有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
主语一般是名词性或代词性的成分，句子的陈述对象。 谓语一般是谓词性成分，即动词和形容词，极少数情况下也可以由名词充当。 宾语也是名词性成分。 定语一般是形容词，用于修饰主语或宾语。 状语一般是副词，修饰谓语。时间状语和地点状语可以是介词结构或者是方位名词。 补语是对行为动作的补充，表示行为动作的状态等等

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