should 和could的用法与区别

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should 和could的用法与区别
should 和could的用法与区别

should 和could的用法与区别
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等.
情态动词后面加动词原形.
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to
特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not". 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来.情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态.
He could be here soon.
他很快就来.
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子.
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你.
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式.如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志.在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
[编辑本段]用法
首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢).
用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形
例句:I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话.
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语.
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿.
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规.
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许.如:
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中).如:
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.)
②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替.如:
I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度.(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定.如:
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.
5. cannot```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
二.Should的用法:
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to.如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法.请看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试.
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了.
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做.
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的.
从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气.
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能.相当于“万一”的意思.从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气.如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话.
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们.
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来.
此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思.意为“竟会”.如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的.
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气.如: She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式.
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please?
请问,你能帮助我吗?
What can you do?
你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure?
你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示.
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们.
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语.
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可.
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
You may put on more clothes.
你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱.
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑.
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来.
Might I borrow some money now.
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive.
他可能还活着.
Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测.
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替.
I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作.
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作.
Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了.
He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人.
He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他.
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测.
He must have told my parents about it.
他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了.
He must have received my letter now.
他现在一定收到我的信了.
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.
已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了.

would : 1. 表will的过去,用于过去将来时
2. 表"意愿",乐意做某事
3. 虚拟语气
could: 1. 表can的过去,表过去的能力
2 表请求(婉转语气)
3. 表猜测:可能是...
4. 虚拟语气
should: 1. 表shall的...

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would : 1. 表will的过去,用于过去将来时
2. 表"意愿",乐意做某事
3. 虚拟语气
could: 1. 表can的过去,表过去的能力
2 表请求(婉转语气)
3. 表猜测:可能是...
4. 虚拟语气
should: 1. 表shall的过去,用于过去将来时,搭配第一人称
2. 表婉转的语气: 应该做...
3. 虚拟语气
might: 1. may的过去,表猜测:可能是
2. 表许可(婉转语气)
may: 1. 表猜测: 可能是
2. 表许可
think of 想起, 想到; 没有think from的用法

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may 用在肯定句中
can用于否定句

Can的语气更强烈些,Can表示能力,而May表示意愿。
can和may用法小结
到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下。
A. 定义: 情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。
B. 情态动词的几个特征:
①情态动词不...

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Can的语气更强烈些,Can表示能力,而May表示意愿。
can和may用法小结
到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下。
A. 定义: 情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。
B. 情态动词的几个特征:
①情态动词不同于实义动词,不可单独作谓语,只有跟实义动词连用才有意义;
②情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
③情态动词后的动词必须用原形。
C. can的用法:
①表示有能力做某事,意为“能、会”。如:
The girl can sing in English.
②表示许可,意为“可以”,如:
You can drive my car to the post office.
③表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
He can’t be your brother, you don’t look the same.
D. may的用法:
①表示请求,语气比can弱。如:
–May I use your eraser?
– Certainly. But you must give it back to me soon.
②表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
She may be at home. Let’s go to see him.
E. 情态动词的否定式和疑问式:
①否定式:一般在can, may后面加not。如:
You can’t use the bike.
He may not be right.
②疑问式:将can, may提前即可。如:
I’m very tired. May I have a rest?
Can you help me (to) study maths?

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SHOULD:
1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但预期较委婉温和。
2)表示应该、必须,常与must换用。
3)"should+be+表语"的结构,表示推测或惊奇。
4)"should+have+过去分词"的结构,表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构"ought to have+过去分词",表示过去“早应该”...

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SHOULD:
1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但预期较委婉温和。
2)表示应该、必须,常与must换用。
3)"should+be+表语"的结构,表示推测或惊奇。
4)"should+have+过去分词"的结构,表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构"ought to have+过去分词",表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意,语气较强。
5)在"It is natural(strange,necessary,surprised,impossible,important) that..."句型中,主语从句的谓语动词要用"should+动词原形"表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that)(以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用"should+动词原形";在advise,sugest,order,demand,request等的从句中要用"should+do"。
COULD:
1)表过去的可能或许可(多用于间接引语)。
2)表过去的能力。
3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法。
4)"could/can+have done"结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。"could/can+have done"还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

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情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Ca...

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情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2. I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1. How dare you say I’m unfair?
2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

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could 可以 语气较委婉 较轻
should 应该 有点上对下的语气 较强硬。
I wish you would stay.
我希望你能留下来
Used to make a polite request:
用于有礼貌的请求:
Would you go with me?
你愿意和我一起去吗?
Used to ...

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could 可以 语气较委婉 较轻
should 应该 有点上对下的语气 较强硬。
I wish you would stay.
我希望你能留下来
Used to make a polite request:
用于有礼貌的请求:
Would you go with me?
你愿意和我一起去吗?
Used to indicate uncertainty:
表示不确定之意:
It would seem to be getting warmer.See Usage Note at if
天气似乎变得更暖和了参见 if
would
[wEd, wJd]
v.
(略写为'd,否定式的略写为 wouldn't [wJd(E)nt] )
(will 的过去式)
They said it would be fine.
听说天气会很好。
I would give anything to see the film.
假如可能的话,我怎么也要看一看这部电影。
Would you like some cake or biscuit?
你要吃点蛋糕还是并干?
He said he would come.
他说他要来。
(表示过去的习惯)常,有…的习惯
She would lose the key!
她总是把钥匙弄丢了。
would rather
宁可…也不;宁愿
Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home?
你是去看电影还是待在家里?
Would rather die than surrender.
宁死不投降。
I could run faster then. It could be no better at that time. Only men could go to the club in those days.
那时我能跑得更快。那时好得不能再好了。在当时,只有男人可以去俱乐部
Used with hypothetical or conditional force:
用来表推测或条件:
If we could help, we would.
如果我们能帮上忙,我们会帮的
Used to indicate tentativeness or politeness:
用于表示试探性或礼貌:
I could be wrong. Could you come over here?
我也许错了。你能到这边来吗?
could
[kJd]
v.
动词 can 的过去式
I could run faster then.
我那时能跑得更快一些。
(表示与事实相反的设想)能;可以
I could come tomorrow if you like.
如果你愿意,明天我可以来。
(委婉语)能
Could you do sth. for me?
你能替我做件事情吗?
应该
You could at least have met me at the station.
你至少应该到车站来接我。
可能
I wrote down the number so that I could remember it.
我写下了号码,那样我就能记住它了。
You should send her a note.
你应该给她留一个条
Used to express probability or expectation:
用于表示可能性或期望:
They should arrive at noon.
她应该在中午到达
Used to express conditionality or contingency:
用于表示可能性或可能发生的事件:
If she should fall, then so would I.
如果她失败了,那我也会失败
Used to moderate the directness or bluntness of a statement:
用于使一个直接或直率的陈述变得婉转:
I should think he would like to go.
我倒是认为他愿意去
Like the rules governing the use of shall and will on which they are based, the traditional rules governing the use of should and would are largely ignored in modern American practice. Either should or would can now be used in the first person to express conditional futurity:
就象作为shall 和 will 词的基础的限用的用法规则一样, 适用于should 和 would 这个词的传统使用规则在现代美国英语中也已被忽略了。 现在should 或 would 这两个词中的任何一个都可以用于第一人称,表示条件式中的将来:
If I had known that, I would (or somewhat more formally, should ) have answered differently.
如果已经知道了这个情况的话,我就(或正规一点用 should ) 不会那么回答了 ,
But in the second and third persons only would is used:
但在第二人称或第三人称中只用would :
If he had known that, he would (not should ) have answered differently.
如果他知道那个情况的话,就(不能用 should ) 不会那么回答了。
Wouldcannot always be substituted for should, however. Should is used in all three persons in a conditional clause:
但是Would并不是总是能由 should 代替。 Should 在三种人称的条件从句中都可以用:
if I (or you or he ) should decide to go.
如果我(或 你 或 他 ) 决定要去。
Should is also used in all three persons to express duty or obligation (the equivalent of ought to ):
Should用于这三种人称的表示职责和义务的句子中(相当于 ought to ):
I (or you or he ) should go.
我(或者 你 或者 他 ) 应该去 。
On the other hand, would is used to express volition or promise:
另一方面,would 用来表达决心或保证:
I agreed that I would do it.
我一定会做的。
Either would or should is possible as an auxiliary with like, be inclined, be glad, prefer, and related verbs:
而would 或 should 都可以作助词和 like,be inclined, be glad,prefer 及其相关词语一起使用:
I would (or should ) like to call your attention to an oversight.
我想(或 should ) 请你注意一下一个疏漏之处 。
Here would was acceptable on all levels to a large majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey and is more common in American usage than should. · Should have is sometimes incorrectly written should of by writers who have mistaken the source of the spoken contraction should've. See Usage Note at if, rather, shall
在此处,在一次早期的调查中对大多数各阶层的使用者来说,would 是可以接受的, 且在美国用法中比should 更为常见。 有时书写者把should have 误拼成 should of , 因为他们把口头缩略形式should've的来源给弄错了 参见 if, rather, shall
should
[Fed, FJd]
v.aux.
否定式缩略为 shouldn't
(用于间接引语,表示)将
We said we shouldn't arrive till 6.
我们说过我们六点才能到。
"If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed."
"要是明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。"
(和that一起用于表示意愿的动词和形容词之后)
He was keen that she should go to college.
他渴望她能上大学。
(在条件句中与第一人称连用) 可能;会
I should have bought it if I had enough money.
如果当时我有足够的钱,我会把它买下来的。
(表示责任或义务)必须,应该
Children should obey their parents.
儿童应该服从他们的父母。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
他本应知道这样的事情警察是决不允许的。
(表示可能之事)可 能
It should be fine tomorrow.
明天可能天晴。
(表示不确定)万一
If I should see him, I'll tell him.
万一我见到他,我就告诉他。

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Can的语气更强烈些,Can表示能力,而May表示意愿。
can和may用法小结
到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下。
A. 定义: 情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。
B. 情态动词的几个特征:
①情态动词不...

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Can的语气更强烈些,Can表示能力,而May表示意愿。
can和may用法小结
到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下。
A. 定义: 情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。
B. 情态动词的几个特征:
①情态动词不同于实义动词,不可单独作谓语,只有跟实义动词连用才有意义;
②情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
③情态动词后的动词必须用原形。
C. can的用法:
①表示有能力做某事,意为“能、会”。如:
The girl can sing in English.
②表示许可,意为“可以”,如:
You can drive my car to the post office.
③表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
He can’t be your brother, you don’t look the same.
D. may的用法:
①表示请求,语气比can弱。如:
–May I use your eraser?
– Certainly. But you must give it back to me soon.
②表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
She may be at home. Let’s go to see him.
E. 情态动词的否定式和疑问式:
①否定式:一般在can, may后面加not。如:
You can’t use the bike.
He may not be right.
②疑问式:将can, may提前即可。如:
I’m very tired. May I have a rest?
Can you help me (to) study maths?

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情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语