主 谓 宾 定 状 宾补 表 的定义及其哪些词可做句中的这几种成分

主 谓 宾 定 状 宾补 表 的定义及其哪些词可做句中的这几种成分
主 谓 宾 定 状 宾补 表 的定义及其哪些词可做句中的这几种成分

主 谓 宾 定 状 宾补 表 的定义及其哪些词可做句中的这几种成分
1. 主语 (Subject) 是句子的核心,是人或事.
a) 位置：通常位于句子的开头或位于谓语动词前,表明动作的主体.
b) 可以作主语的成分主要包括：名词、代词、主语从句(what/that/ how/ whether从句等)、动名词(动词加ing形式)、动词不定式(to do)、the + adj.结构.
c) Study the following examples and underline the subject in each sentence.
Eg1. An earthquake has claimed hundreds of lives.
Eg2. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
注1：动词原形不能作主语.Eg: Use animals in the research is cruel. (错误句)
注2：为避免句子头重脚轻,可以使用it 作为形式主语,引导主语从句.
Eg: It is obvious that wearing uniforms makes school life monotonous (单调的).
注3：虽然薄冰的语法书上说,介词短语可以充当主语.例如：
1) Between 6 and 7 suits me.
2) From the library to the teaching building is a 5 minutes' walk.
Note: 这是在一定的上下文中的省略用法,可以在口语中使用,在书面语中请避免使用.即,写作中,请不要用介词短语充当主语.
2. 谓语 (Predicate) 用来描述主语的动作、状态或特征.
a) 位置：通常紧接着主语.
b) 可以作谓语的成分包括：动词、情态动词+动词.
c) Study the following examples and underline the predicate in each sentence.
Eg1. Life is full of ups and downs.
Eg2. You cannot control your life, but you can control your attitude towards life.
Note: 主语与谓语是句子的基本结构!一个句子最少要有这两个成分.
3. 宾语 (Object) 用来表示动作或行为的对象.
a) 位置：位于及物动词或介词后面.
b) 可以作宾语的主要成分包括：名词、代词、从句(what/that/ how/ whether从句等)、动名词(动词加ing形式)、动词不定式(to do).
c) Study the following examples and underline the object in each sentence.
Eg1. Change what you can bear, while bear what you cannot change.
Eg2. Studies reveal that there is a definite link between obesity (肥胖症) and serious diseases such as heart attacks.
4. 表语 (Predicative)
a) 位置：位于be动词或系动词
b) 可以作表语的成分主要包括：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词(动词加ing形式)、动词不定式(to do)、从句(what/that/ how从句等).
c) Study the following examples and underline the predicative in each sentence.
Eg1. I feel under the weather today.
Eg2. What we should do is to teach children how to distinguish good from bad (right from wrong).
5. 定语 (Attribute) 用来修饰名词或名词性词组.
a) 位置：通常位于名词或名词性词组之前,有时也可放在之后(I want something to eat).
b) 可以作定语的成分主要包括：形容词(最常用)、代词、名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、定语从句.
c) Study the following examples and underline the attribute in each sentence.
Eg1. A warm smile is the universal language.
Eg2. Those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life.
6. 状语 (Adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.
a) 位置：通常位于动词、形容词、副词或句子的前后.
b) 可以作状语的成分主要包括：副词(最常用)、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、状语从句.
c) Study the following examples and underline the adverbial in each sentence.
Eg1. Outdoor activities can greatly improve our health.
Eg2. When I was young, I was a troublemaker.
Note: 以上六种成分为基础成分,是写出一个正确的句子的必备条件.
7. 补语 (Complement) 对于主语或宾语进行补充说明.
a) 分为主语补足语(补充说明主语的性质或状态)和宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的性质或状态).
b) 在雅思写作中,主要是宾补结构,且宾补结构主要是双宾语结构.
c) Study the following examples and underline the complement in each sentence.
Eg1. I regard you as my best friend. (You are regarded as my best friend)
Eg2. The graduates find (make, render) the job market frustrating because of the economic recession.
8. 同位语 (Appositive) 表明句子中的一个成分与另一成分表达同一概念,即A＝B.结构上就是一个名词后面跟一个短语(或句子),来解释这个名词.
a) 可以作同位语的成分主要包括：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、从句.
b) Study the following examples and underline the appositive in each sentence.
Eg1. We should ask Jim, the monitor, to be punctual.
Eg2. Job satisfaction, a very important part of an employee’s sense of well-being (幸福,安宁), can be promoted in most jobs.