Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people

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Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people

Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
哪一个是通过对死尸绘画来提高人物绘画技巧的画家?

学习了死的身体改善他的画的人的画家是谁 ?

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席里柯（Theodore GeRicault）（法国人）
他的《梅杜萨之筏》就是研究尸体而作的
1816年7月，法国政府的巡洋舰“梅杜萨号”载着400多位乘客，其中有官吏和士兵，开往非洲塞内加尔，途经西非海岸的布朗海岬南面时不慎搁浅，造成了惨重的灾祸。船长肖马雷原是一个贵族，对航海知识一窍不通。上船后，他玩忽职守，把随行的小船撇得远远的，主舰单放前进。主舰在驶近毛里塔尼亚浅滩时，陷入了不能自拔的沙碛。经过两天混乱而无效的努力，只好弃船。船长却和一群高级官员乘救生船逃命了，剩下150多名乘客被抛在临时搭制成的一只木筏上，让他们在汪洋大海里听凭命运摆布。几天过去了，在饥渴和酷暑的折磨下，许多人开始绝望，他们说胡话，肆意做一些歇斯底里的事。面包师深信没有获救的可能，投入大海中自杀了，还有一些人撬开酒桶，灌醉自己，企图忘却死亡的痛苦。不久，这种绝望的情绪越来越疯狂，一些人砍断缆绳，妄图让所有人一块完蛋。另一些人去拦阻，于是爆发一场激烈的搏斗。有个叫多米尼克的机械工参加暴乱被扔进海里后，哀嚎着求救。工程师可怜他，跳下水抓住他的头发，将他拖回木筏上。但不几天，这个忘恩负义的家伙，又加入第二次暴动中。经过三次暴乱和平息后，木筏上尸体横布。又过了几天，食物和水的短缺变成了更大的威胁，两个黑人士兵饥渴到极点，于是违反规定，将最后一桶酒剜个洞用吸管偷喝，暴露后，被人无情地扔进大海里。有些人把刺刀弯成大鱼钩，希望可以钓鲨鱼。但鲨鱼咬住后一扯，鱼钩又变成笔直的刺刀了。经过这番折腾，木筏漫上许多海水，一些受伤的人的伤口被咸水浸泡，惨叫不绝。最后，木筏上仅剩下27个人了，其中15个还能支撑一段时间，其余12人，受伤太重，神志不清，不大可能熬下去了。而且食品不足以维持所有的人，有些人甚至开始偷偷啃噬刚死去同伴的手肘了，于是那15 个人经过辩论，终于做出一个决定，把那些在三次反暴乱斗争中和他们并肩作战、甚至救护过自己的伤病员，统统抛进大海！
路易十八政府怕此事张扬出去受到舆论谴责，只在官方报纸上发了一条简短的消息，悄悄通过军事法庭判处船长降职和服刑三年就了事。两位木筏上的幸存者不服，向政府上书，却遭到打击，被解除公职。在忍无可忍之下，他们将这次船难经过如实写成报道，印成小册子公开发售。这一举动立刻轰动了国内外。
席里柯凭着这条新闻，剃光了头发，在自己的画室里潜心绘制了8个月，绘成了这幅大画（491×716厘米）。为了这幅画，席里柯亲临病房观察病人的痛苦表情、临终前的模样，研究尸体腐烂的情景，还托筏上一个生还者木匠制作了一只木筏模型，让黄疸病人作模特儿，去亚勃兰研究海洋和天空，并详细访问船舶遇难的经过。
席里柯以金字塔形的构图，把事件展开在筏上仅存者发现天边船影时的刹那景象。很显然，画家在这一海难事件中，看到了与复辟年代法国革命所遭遇的相似景象，《梅杜萨之筏》不是一幅单纯的“新闻”画，它是画家对现实的影射。这种浪漫主义，正如当时英国浪漫派诗人拜伦在他的一首叙事长诗《唐璜》中所描写的惊涛骇浪的险境一样，可谓是先进思想的艺术反射。

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